![]() ![]() ![]() In the illusion, a brief flash accompanied by two brief sounds is often perceived as two flashes 3, 4. More recently, Shams and colleagues reported the “sound-induced flash illusion”, which demonstrates that the opposite interaction (i.e., an auditory modality altering a visual perception) can also occur. That audio-visual integration shows how significantly visual information (i.e., articulatory movement) contributes to auditory speech perception. A prominent example, the “McGurk effect” (or “McGurk–MacDonald illusion”), demonstrates that listening to the sound /ba/ with a video clip showing a person’s lip uttering /ga/ often results in a combined auditory perception, such as “da” 2. When two sensory modalities receive conflicting information simultaneously, the perception in one modality is sometimes modified to align with the information in the other modality to construct a coherent multi-modal percept 1. This result shows that the gerbil may experience the sound-induced flash illusion and indicates for the first time that rodents may have the capacity to integrate temporal content of perception in a sophisticated manner as do humans. An increase in exploration suggested that the animals perceived a flashing pattern differently only when the contradicting sound (double beeps) was presented simultaneously with a single flash. Then, various sound stimuli were introduced during test trials. The animals were first familiarised with repetitive single flashes. A light-emitting diode embedded within an object presented time-varying visual stimuli (different flashing patterns). The novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm was used to evaluate the gerbil’s natural (i.e., untrained) capacity for multimodal integration. Therefore, we investigated whether the Mongolian gerbil, a rodent with relatively good eyesight, experiences this illusion. However, it is unclear whether nonhuman animals experience the illusion. This phenomenon, called the “sound-induced flash illusion”, has been investigated as an example of how humans finely integrate multisensory information, more specifically, the temporal content of perception. Hence, before having acquired many words of their language, they have grasped enough of their native phonological grammar to constrain their perception of speech sound sequences.When two brief sounds are presented with a short flash of light, we often perceive that the flash blinks twice. These results show that the phonologically induced /u/ illusion is already experienced by Japanese infants at the age of 14 months. ![]() In Experiment 3, we found that, like adults, Japanese infants can discriminate abna from abuna when phonetic variability is reduced (single item). In Experiment 2, 8-month-old French and Japanese did not differ significantly from each other. In Experiment 1, we observed that 14-month-old Japanese infants, in contrast to French infants, failed to discriminate phonetically varied sets of abna-type and abuna-type stimuli. To study the development of phonological grammar, we compared Japanese and French infants in a discrimination task. Previous work has shown that Japanese speakers, unlike French speakers, break up illegal sequences of consonants with illusory vowels: they report hearing abna as abuna. In adults, native language phonology has strong perceptual effects. ![]()
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